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General



Abbott, Keith. "Shadows and Marble: Richard Brautigan." Review of Contemporary Fiction 8.3 (Fall 1988): 117-125.

Bradbury, Malcolm. "Postmoderns and Others: the 1960s and 1970s." The Modern American Novel Oxford University Press, 1983: 169-171.

Horvath, Brooke K. "Richard Brautigan's Search for Control over Death." American Literature 57.3 (October 1985): 434-455.

Hume, Kathryn. "((Hume 2001 Brautigan's Psychomachia|Brautigan's Psychomachia))." Mosaic March 2001.

Kern, Robert. "Williams, Brautigan, and the Poetics of Primitivism." Chicago Review 27.1 (Summer 1975): 47-57.

Klinkowitz, Jerome. "Frank O'Hara and Richard Brautigan: Personal Poetry." The American 1960s: Imaginative Acts in a Decade of Change Iowa State University Press 1980: 33-46.

Kušnír, Jaroslav. "((Kušnír 2000 Brautigan's Exiled Worlds|Richard Brautigan's Exiled Worlds))." Studia Philologica 7 (2000): 69-77.

Maguire, James H. "Stegner vs. Brautigan: Recapitulation or Deconstruction?" The Pacific Northwest Forum 11(2) (Spring 1987): 23-28.

McClure, Michael. "Ninety-one Things about Richard Brautigan?." Lighting the Corners: On Art, Nature, and the Visionary. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1993: 36-68.

McDermott, James D. "Richard Brautigan's Minimal Style: Gentleness, Emotive Function, and the Problematic of Selfhood." Austere style in twentieth-century literature: literary minimalism Edwin Mellon Press 2006: 57-86.

Novak, Robert. "The Poetry of Richard Brautigan." Windless Orchard (Purdue) 14 (Summer 1973): 17, 48-50.

Palo, Brenda M. "Melancholia and the Death Motif in Richard Brautigan's Short Fiction" The Postmodern Short Story: Forms and Issues Contributions to the Study of World Literature, 124. Praeger Publishers, 2003.

Pettersson, Bo. "The Geography of Time Remembered: Richard Brautigan's Autobiographical Novels." Helsinki English Studies Volume 3, 2004.

Phillips, Rod. "The Beat Goes On: Voices of the Second Generation." Forest Beatniks and Urban Thoreaus: Gary Snyder, Jack Kerouac, Lew Welch and Michael McClure. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2000: 132-134.

Pütz, Manfred. "((Pütz 1974 Transcendentalism Revived|Transcendentalism Revived: The Fiction of Richard Brautigan))." Occident 8 (Spring 1974): 39-47.

Pütz, Manfred. "Richard Brautigan: Pastorals of and for the Self." The Story of Identity: American Fiction of the Sixties. München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1987: 105-129.

Schmitz, Neil. "Richard Brautigan and the Modern Pastoral." Modern Fiction Studies 19.1 (Spring 1973): 109-125.

Sherwin, Judith Johnson. "Rhetoric and Anti-Rhetoric: The Poetry of Richard Brautigan." St. Andrews Review 22 (1981): 55-59.

Stephenson, Gregory Kent. "Broken-Hearted American Humorist: Richard Brautigan Reconsidered". The Signal 1.2 (1988): 28-30.

Tanner, Tony. "Fragments and Fantasies." City of Words: American Fiction 1950-1970. New York: Harper & Row, 1971: 400-415.

Turner, Barnard. "A Western Writer in Germany and Japan: Richard Brautigan." Cultural Tropes of the American West. Lewiston: Edwin Mellon Press, 2005: 69-107.

Walters, Richard. "Brautigan's Trout Fishing in America, The Pill Versus the Springhill Mine Disaster and In Watermelon Sugar." Survey of Contemporary Literature vol 2, Frank Magill (ed.) Englewood Cliffs NJ: Salem Press, 1977: pp.883-9.


Confederate General


Locklin, Gerald and Charles Stetler. "Some Observations on A Confederate General from Big Sur?." Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction 13.2 (1971): 72-82.

Rollyson, Carl E. "A Confederate General from Big Sur?." Masterplots II: American Fiction Series, vol 1., Masterplots II: American Fiction Series, vol 1, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Salem Press, 1986: 325-329.

Trout Fishing in America


Bales, Kent. "Fishing and Ambivalence, or, A Reading of Trout Fishing in America." Western Humanities Review 29.1 (Winter 1975): 29-42.

Cooley, John. "The Garden in the Machine: Three Postmodern Pastorals. Images of Environmental Decay in Recent Fiction." Michigan Academician 13.4 (Spring 1981): 405-420.

Hayden, Brad. "Echoes of Walden in Trout Fishing in America." Thoreau Journal Quarterly 8.3 (July 1976): 21-25.

Hearron, Thomas. "Escape Through Imagination in Trout Fishing in America." Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction 16.1 (1974): 25-31.

Jeffreys, Katie. "Time and the Pastoral Lifestyle."

Klinkowitz, Jerome. Literary Disruptions: The Making of a Post-Contemporary American Fiction. Urbana: University of Chicago Press, 1975: 20-22.

Kolin, Philip. "Food for Thought in Richard Brautigan's Trout Fishing in America." Studies in Contemporary Satire 8 (Spring 1981): 9-20.

Mellard, James M. "Brautigan's Trout Fishing in America." The Exploded Form: The Modernist Novel in America. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1980: 155-168.

Morton, Brian. "How Hippies Got Hooked on Trout Fishing in America." The Times Higher Education Supplement 16 Nov. 1984: 12.

Seib, Kenneth. "Trout Fishing in America: Brautigan's Funky Fishing Yarn." Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction 13.2 (1971): 63-71.

Siegel, Mark. "Trout Fishing in America?." Survey of Modern Fantasy Literature vol 4. Frank Magill (ed.) Englewood Cliffs: Salem Press, 1983: 1979-1981.

Skau, Michael. "American Ethos: Richard Brautigan's Trout Fishing in America." Portland Review 27.1 (Fall/Winter 1981): 17-19.

Stull, William L. "Richard Brautigan's Trout Fishing in America: Notes of a Native Son." American Literature 56.1 (March 1984): 68-80.

Vanderwerken, David L. "Trout Fishing in America and the American Tradition." Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction 16.1 (1974): 32-40.

Whissen, Thomas, Reed. "Trout Fishing in America." Classic Cult Fiction: A Companion to Popular Cult Literature. Greenwood Press, 1992: 274-279.

In Watermelon Sugar


Foster, Jeffrey M. "Richard Brautigan's Utopia of Detachment." Connecticut Review 14.1 (Spring 1992): 85-91.

Hernlund, Patricia. "((Hernlund 1974 Author's Intent IWS|Author's Intent: In Watermelon Sugar))." Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction 16.1 (1974): 5-17.

Kušnír, Jaroslav. "((Kušnír 2003 Diversity of Postmodern Fantasy|Diversity of Postmodern Fantasy: Richard Brautigan's In Watermelon Sugar and Donald Barthelme's The Dead Father))."

Leavitt, Harvey. "The Regained Paradise of Brautigan's In Watermelon Sugar." Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction 16.1 (1974): 18-24.

Rohrberger, Mary and Peggy Gardner. "Multicolored Loin Cloths, Glass Trinkets of Words: Surrealism in In Watermelon Sugar." Ball State University Forum 23.1 (Winter 1982): 61-67.

Schäbler, Bernd. "Versuche einer Projektiven Rezeption: 5. Richard Brautigan: In Watermelon Sugar?." Amerikanische Metafiction im Kontext der Europäischen Moderne. Giessen: Hoffmann Verlag, 1983: 674-713.

Thomson, George H. "Objective Reporting as a Technique in the Experimental Novel: A Note on Brautigan and Robbe-Grillet." Notes on Contemporary Literature 8.4 (September 1978): 2.

Williams, Dan. "A World Within: Solipsism and Richard Brautigan's In Watermelon Sugar."

The Abortion


Clark, William Bedford. "Abortion and the Missing Moral Center: Two Case Histories from the Post-Modern Novel." Xavier Review 4 (1984): 70-75.

Hackenberry, Charles. "Romance and Parody in Brautigan's The Abortion." Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction 23.2 (Winter 1981-1982): 24-36.

Koloze, Jeff. "Richard Brautigan's 'The Abortion: An Historical Romance 1966' (1970)" An Ethical Analysis of the Portrayal of Abortion in American Fiction: Dreiser, Hemingway, Faulkner, Dos Passos, Brautigan, And Irving Edwin Mellon Press 2005: 181-207.

Revenge of the Lawn


Dietrich, Richard. "Brautigan's Homage to the San Francisco YMCA: A Modern Fairy Tale." Notes on Contemporary Literature 13.4 (September 1983): 2-4.

Ditsky, John. "The Man on the Quaker Oats Box: Characteristics of Recent Experimental Fiction." Georgia Review 26 (Fall 1972): 297-313.

Galloway, David. "Richard Brautigan, The World War I Los Angeles Airplane." Die Amerikanische Short Story der Gegenwart. Peter Freese (ed.) Berlin: Schmidt, 1976: 333-339.

Hicks, Jack. "Sweet Wine in Place of Life: The Revenge of the Lawn." In the Singer's Temple: Prose Fictions of Barthelme, Gaines, Brautigan, Piercy, Kesey and Kosinski. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981: 151-161.

Horvath, Brooke K. "Wrapped in a Winter Rug: Richard Brautigan Looks at Common Responses to Death." Notes on Modern American Literature 8.3 (Winter 1984): Item 14.

Iftekharuddin, Farhat. "The New Aesthetics in Brautigan's Revenge of the Lawn: Stories 1962-1970". Creative and Critical Approaches to the Short Story. Lewiston, KY: Edwin Mellon Press, 1997: 417-430.

The Hawkline Monster


Bloodworth, William. "Literary Extentions of the Formula Western?." Western American Literature, 14.4 (Winter 1980): 287-296.

Le Vot, André. "New Modes of Storytelling in Recent American Writings: The Dismantling of Contemporary Fiction?." Les Américanistes. Ira and Christiane Johnson (eds.) New York: National University Publications, 1978: 110-129.

Slethaug, Gordon. "The Hawkline Monster: Brautigan's Buffoon Mutation." The Scope of the Fantastic Culture, Biography, Themes, Children's Literature Selected Essays from the First International Conference on the Fantastic in Literature and Film. Robert Collins and Howard Pearce (eds.) Westport CT: Greenwood, 1985: 137-145.

Willis, Lonnie. "Brautigan's The Hawkline Monster: As Big as the Ritz." Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction 23.2 (Winter 1981-82): 37-47.

Willard and His Bowling Trophies


Gordon, Andrew. "Richard Brautigan's Parody of Arthur Miller." Notes on Modern American Literature 6.1 (Spring/Summer 1982) Item 8.

Kusnír, Jaroslav. "((Kušnír 2000 Brautigan's Crisis of Representation|Richard Brautigan's and Donald Barthelme's Crisis of Representation: The King and Willard and His Bowling Trophies: A Perverse Mystery))." Paper sent in for the conference on PostModern Productions, University of Erlangen, Germany, 2000.

Triance, Tavis Eachan. "Richard Brautigan: A Poetics of Alienation." Half Empty.

Dreaming of Babylon


Grimaud, Isabelle. "Stranger than Paradise: Dreaming of Babylon: A Private Eye Novel 1942 de Richard Brautigan?." Caliban (Toulouse) 23 (1986): 127-135.

Grimes, Larry. "Stepsons of Sam: Re-visions of the Hard-boiled Detective Formula in Recent American Fiction." Modern Fiction Studies 29.3 (Autumn 1983): 535-544.

Hedborn, Mark. "Lacan and Postmodernism in Brautigan's Dreaming of Babylon." Literature and Film in the Historical Dimension. Gainsville: University Press of Florida, 1994: 101-109.

Miclot, James Murray. "Depolitization from Within: Not Taking a Fall with Richard Brautigan." Humanitas 6.2 (1993): 15-44.

The Tokyo-Montana Express


Crouch, Jeff. "Discontinuity in Richard Brautigan's The Tokyo-Montana Express." Midwest Quarterly 33 (Summer 1992): 393-401.

Turner, Barnard. "Making Silence: Asian/American Literature and the Turn to Japan in Richard Brautigan's Tokyo-Montana Express (1980) and David Mura's Turning Japanese (1991)." Asia and America: Influences and Representations (Centre for Advanced Studies, National University of Singapore, 2000)



References in longer critical studies


Greenman, Myron. "Understanding New Fiction?." Modern Fiction Studies 20.3 (Autumn 1974): 307-316.

Hansen, Arlen J. "The Celebration of Solipsism: A New Trend in American Fiction." Modern Fiction Studies 19 (Spring 1973): 5-15.

Hendin, Josephine. "Experimental Fiction." Harvard Guide to Contemporary American Writing Harvard University Press, 1979: 260.

Hoffmann, Gerhard. "Social Criticism and the Deformation of Man: Satire, the Grotesque and Comic Nihilism in the Modern and Postmodern American Novel." Amerikastudien 28.2 (1983).

Lhamon, W.T. "Break and Enter to Breakaway: Scotching Modernism in the Social Novel of the American Sixties." Boundary 2 3.2 (Winter 1975): 289-306.

Russell, Charles. "The Vault of Language: Self-Reflective Artifice in Contemporary American Fiction." Modern Fiction Studies 20.3 (Autumn 1974): 349-59.

Siegel, Mark. "Contemporary Trends in Western American Fiction." Texas Christian University Press, 1998.